Species
P.T. |
Distribution
(endemic) |
Perennial
or Annual
--------------
Aquatic
Terrestrial |
Dimor-
phic
Stolon
----------
sub-
terranean
(length) |
Rhizoid
(length)
--------
Stem
(length) |
Stolon
(length)
--------
Leaf
(length) |
Trap
-------
On
rhizoids
leaves
stolons |
Winter
Turion
-------
Tuber
|
Peduncle
(length)
----------
Flowers
per
peduncle |
Corolla
Size
--------
Cleis-
togamous |
Corolla
Color
------
at the base
of the lower lip |
Upper
Lip |
Lower
Lip |
Palate |
Spur |
Comment |
U.
gibba |
Pan
tropical |
Small to
medium
Annual or
Perennial
----------
Affixed or
suspended
aquatic |
Not
dimorphic |
Rhizoid
absent
---------
Stem
absent |
Stolon
20
cm
---------
Leaf to
1.5 cm |
Trap
1.0-2.5 mm
-------
on
leaves
stolons |
Turion |
Peduncle
1-20
cm
--------
Flowers
2-6 |
Corolla
25 mm
|
Corolla
Yellow
--------
often
with
reddish
brown
nerves |
UL
3-lobed |
LL
Slightly
smaller |
Palate: |
Spur
Narrowly
conical/
cylindrical |
Species |
U.
striata |
Endemic to US
eastern
coastal
plain |
Medium
Probably
Perennial
----------
Affixed
sub-
Aquatic |
Dimorphic |
Rhizoid
absent
---------
Stem
absent |
Stolon
10 cm
--------
Leaf
1.5 cm
or less |
Trap
1-2 mm
---------
on
leaves
stolons |
Turion |
Peduncle
10-40
cm
-------
Flowers
2-6 |
Corolla
20 mm |
Corolla
Yellow
----
Red streaks |
UL
3-lobed
shallow
but distinct |
LL
Slightly
smaller
almost
circular |
Palate: |
Spur
Narrowly
cylindrical |
Species |
U.
floridana |
Endemic
to southeastern US -
Florida, Alabama, Georgia, SN Carolina |
Large
Perennial
-----------
Affixed
Aquatic |
Dimorphic
------------
sub-terranean
stolon
1 m |
Rhizoid
absent
---------
Stem
absent |
Stolon
50 cm
--------
Leaf to
2 cm |
Trap
1.5-3.0 mm
-------
on
leaves
stolons |
Turion |
Peduncle
to
1 m
--------
Flowers
5-20 |
Corolla
20 mm |
Corolla
Yellow
-----
Red streaks |
UL
Almost circular
shallow 3-lobed |
LL
Smaller
almost
circular |
Palate:
densely pubescent |
Spur
Narrowly
cylindrical
Slightly
longer than lower lip |
Usually
in water 30cm - 1 m deep. |
|
U. macrorhiza |
North
America and eastern temperate Asia |
Large
Perennial
----------
Suspended
Aquatic |
Not
dimorphic |
Rhizoid
absent
---------
Stem
absent |
Stolon
to
1 m
-------
Leaf
1.5-6.0 cm |
Trap
1.5-5.0 mm
-------
on
leaves
stolons |
Turion |
Peduncle
10-40 cm
--------
Flowers
3-14 |
Corolla
15-20 mm |
Corolla
Yellow
-------
reddish
brown
streaks |
UL
Broadly ovate |
LL
Prominent rugose swelling |
Palate: |
Spur
Narrowly
cylindrical
as long as
lower lip |
|
|
U. intermedia |
Circumboreal distribution , throughout north America, Europe and Asia |
Small
Perennial
----------
Affixed
Aquatic |
Markedly
Dimorphic
|
Rhizoid
absent
---------
Stem
absent |
Stolon
to
30 cm
--------
Leaf to
2 cm |
Trap
1.5-5.0 mm
-------
on
leaves
stolons |
Turion |
Peduncle
10-20 cm
-------
Flowers
2-3
|
Corolla
to 16 mm |
Corolla
Yellow
-------
Red streaks
at lower lip base |
UL
much
smaller |
LL
Rounded
swelling
at base |
Palate: |
Spur
Narrowly
conical/
cylindrical |
|
U.
minor |
Circumboreal distribution |
Small
Perennial
----------
Usually
Affixed
Aquatic |
Sometimes
Dimorphic |
Rhizoid
absent
---------
Stem
absent |
Stolon
to
30 cm
--------
Leaf to
1.5 cm |
Trap
0.8-2.5 mm
-------
on
leaves
stolons |
Turion |
Peduncle
5-25 cm
--------
Flowers
2-6 |
Corolla
6-8 mm |
Corolla
Lemon
Yellow |
UL
Ovate |
LL
longer
than
wide |
Palate: |
Spur |
|
U.
ochroleuca
186 |
Circumboreal
Europe, North America,
Japan |
Small
Perennial
----------
Usually
Affixed
Aquatic |
Stolon markedly
Dimorphic |
Rhizoid
a few cm
---------
Stem
absent |
Stolon
to
15 cm
--------
Leaf to
1.5 cm |
Trap
2-3.5 mm
-------
on
leaves
stolons |
Turion |
Peduncle
8-15 cm
--------
Flowers
2-5 |
Corolla
1-1.5 cm |
Corolla
Pale yellow |
UL |
LL
|
Palate
Prominent rounded swelling at lower lip base |
Spur half as long as lower lip |
Sterile - Possibly a
natural hybrid between U. intermedia and U. minor |
|
U. geminiscapa |
Endemic to
northern US and eastern Canada |
Medium
Perennial
----------
Suspended
Aquatic |
Somewhat
Dimorphic |
Rhizoid
absent
---------
Stem
absent |
Stolon
20-60 cm
--------
Leaf
1-2 cm |
Trap
0.6-3.0 mm
-------
on
leaves
stolons |
Turion |
Peduncle
5-25 cm
--------
Flowers
2-8 |
Corolla
6-8 mm |
Corolla
Yellow |
UL
Slightly
smaller |
LL
Rounded Swelling |
Palate: |
Spur
cylindrical
shorter
than lower lip |
less
frequently seen |
U.
inflata |
Endemic
to North America, - southeastern coastal plain only. |
Large
Perennial
----------
Suspended
Aquatic |
Not
dimorphic |
Rhizoid
absent
---------
Stem
absent |
Stolon
to
1 m
--------
Leaf
2-10 cm |
Trap
1-3 mm
-------
on
leaves
stolons |
No
Turion
---------Tuber |
Peduncle
20-50 cm
a whorl
of 6-8 floats
--------
Flowers
9-14 |
Corolla
20-25 mm |
Corolla
yellow
with brown marks |
UL
Apex circular |
LL
Deeply
3-lobed |
Palate: |
Spur
Narrowly conical
Shorter
than
lower lip
Apex acutely
bifid |
Confused
with U. radiata in the past.
Produce small tuber-like organs when water
level is reduced. |
U.
radiata |
Endemic
to North America |
Medium
Annual
sometimes
Perennial
----------
Suspended
Aquatic |
Not
dimorphic |
Rhizoid
absent
---------
Stem
absent |
Stolon
to
50 cm
--------
Leaf
1-10 cm |
Trap
0.7-2.0 mm
-------
on
leaves
stolons |
No
Turion |
Peduncle
7-25 cm
a whorl
of 4-7 floats
--------
Flowers
1-7 |
Corolla
9-20 mm |
Corolla
yellow
with brown marks |
UL
Circular |
LL
Deeply
3-lobed |
Palate: |
Spur
Narrowly
conical/
cylindrical
Considerably shorter than lower lip |
|
U.
foliosa
207 |
Africa
Madagascar
North&South America |
Large
Perhaps
Perennial
----------
Suspended
Aquatic |
Usually
Dimorphic |
Rhizoid
absent
---------
Stem
absent |
Stolon
to
several
meters
--------
Leaf to
45 cm |
Trap
1-2 mm
-------
on
leaves
stolons |
No
Turion |
Peduncle
7-45 cm
--------
Flowers
3-20 |
Corolla
0.8-1.5 mm |
Corolla
yellow
with purple marks |
UL |
Lower lip
larger |
Palate - lower lip base a prominent rounded swelling |
Spur as long as or
shorter than lower lip |
stolon with a flattened
cross secton 1-4 mm wide
----
Air shoot 20 cm |
U.
olivacea
211 |
North
& South America |
Tiny
Annual
----------
Suspended
Aquatic |
Not
dimorphic |
Rhizoid
absent
---------
Stem
absent |
Stolon
a few cm
--------
Leaf
absent |
Trap
0.3-0.8 mm
-------
on
stolons |
No
Turion |
Pedicel to
1 cm peduncle
almost absent
--------
Flowers
2-5 |
Corolla
2-3.5 mm |
Corolla
white |
UL
Concave
when seen from outside |
LL
Concave
when seen from outside |
Palate: |
Spur
very short |
Formerly
described as Biovularia olivacea due to small, two-ovule placenta |
U.
purpurea |
North and Central America
and Antilles. |
Medium
probably
Perennial
----------
Freely
Suspended
Aquatic |
Not
dimorphic |
Rhizoid
absent
---------
Stem
absent |
Stolon
to
60 cm
--------
Leaf to
4 cm
Wheels of 4 |
Trap
1-2 mm
--------
on
leaves
stolons |
No
Turion |
Peduncle
3-20 cm
--------
Flowers
1-3 |
Corolla
8-18 mm |
Corolla
Rose pink
-----
yellow blotch |
UL
Slightly
smaller |
LL
Apex circular
3-lobed
Lateral lobes Saccate |
Palate: |
Spur
Conical
shorter than lower lip |
|
U.
subulata |
Almost
pan-tropical
the most widespread of all Utricularia |
Small
Annual
---------
Terrestrial |
Not
dimorphic |
Rhizoid
absent
---------
Stem
absent |
Stolon
to 8
cm
--------
Leaf
narrowly
linear
to 2 cm |
Trap
0.2-0.7 mm
-------
on
rhizoids
leaves
stolons |
No
Turion |
Peduncle
10-50 cm
--------
Flowers
1-25 |
Corolla
5-10 mm
--------
Cleis-
togamous |
Corolla
Yellow
or
white |
UL |
LL
3-lobed
deeply |
Pubescent |
Spur
subulate
or narrowly cylindrical |
Corolla
cleistogamous |
U.
cornuta |
North
America
Bahamas and Cuba.
|
Small to
Medium
probably
Perennial
----------
Terrestrial
or
Sub-aquatic |
Not
dimorphic |
Rhizoid
absent
---------
Stem
absent |
Stolon
to 8
cm
--------
Leaf
0.5-2.0 cm |
Trap
0.3-0.8 mm
-------
on
rhizoids
leaves
stolons |
No
Turion |
Peduncle
5-30 cm
--------
Flowers
1-6
Congested |
Corolla
15-20 mm |
Corolla
Yellow |
UL
ovate-oblong to broadly obovate from a narrow oblong base |
LL
galeate,
circular in outline, the apex rounded, entire |
Palate:
Strongly
Raised
pubescent
marginal rim |
Spur
subulate, curved |
In North
America, much further north and west than U. juncea. |
U.
juncea |
North and Central America
and
Antilles
and northern
South America.
US-NJ to
Texas |
Small to
Medium
probably
Perennial
----------
Terrestrial |
Not
dimorphic |
Rhizoid
absent
---------
Stem
absent cm |
Stolon
to 8
cm
--------
Leaf
0.5-2.0 cm |
Trap
0.3-0.8 mm
-------
on
rhizoids
leaves
stolons |
No
Turion |
Peduncle
5-40 cm
--------
Flowers
1-12
widely
spaced |
Corolla
15 mm
---------
Cleis-
togamous |
Corolla
Yellow |
UL
ovate-oblong to broadly obovate from a narrow oblong base |
LL
galeate,
circular in outline apex rounded, entire |
Palate: |
Spur
subulate
curved |
cleistogamous flowers produced seasonally. |
U.
simulans
59 |
Africa
North and South America.
US-southern Florida |
Small to
Medium
possibly
Perennial
----------
Terrestrial |
Not
dimorphic |
Rhizoid
absent
---------
Stem
absent |
Short vert. stem
Stolon
to few cm
--------
Leaf to
1.5 cm long |
Trap
0.2-0.3 mm
-------
on
rhizoids
leaves
stolons |
No
Turion |
Peduncle
2-35 cm
--------
Flowers
2-10
congested at top |
Corolla
4-10 mm
---------
|
Corolla
Yellow |
UL |
LL
larger |
Palate: |
Spur
conical about as long as lower lip |
Fimbriated scales, bracts, calyces.
Formerly U. fimbriata |
U.
resupinata
176 |
North and Central America
and
Antilles
and northern
South America.
US-NJ to
Texas |
Small
Perennial
----------
Affixed sub-aquatic |
Not
dimorphic |
Rhizoid
2 cm
---------
Stem
1-2 mm |
Stolon
to 10
cm
--------
Leaf to
5 cm |
Trap
1 mm
-------
on
|
No
Turion |
Peduncle
4-20 cm
--------
Flowers
|
Corolla
6-10 mm
---------
|
Corolla
Rose pink w/
cream spot |
UL |
LL |
Palate: |
Spur
shorter than lower lip |
Flower "Upside down" |
U.
amethystina
77 |
Tropical / subtropical America.
US-southern tip of Florida peninsular in the past |
Small to
Medium
annual or
Perennial
----------
Terrestrial |
Not
dimorphic |
Rhizoid
---------
Stem
absent |
Stolon
few
--------
Leaf to
6 mm wide, 3 cm long |
Trap
1-1.2 mm
-------
on rhizoid stolon
|
No
Turion |
Peduncle
6-30 cm
--------
Flowers
2-6 |
Corolla
3-20 mm
---------
|
Corolla
Violet with yellow spot |
UL
ovate- |
LL |
Palate: |
Spur
cylindrical, 2-3 times as long as lower lip |
Reported in Florida tip in the past |
